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Ischemia
Ischemia, also spelled as ischaemia or ischæmia (〔''OED'' 2nd edition, 1989.〕〔(Entry "ischemia" ) in ''(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary )''.〕), is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).〔Merck & Co. (Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease ), The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook website, revised and updated March 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2012.〕 Ischemia is generally caused by problems with blood vessels, with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue. It also means local anemia in a given part of a body sometimes resulting from congestion (such as vasoconstriction, thrombosis or embolism).
==Signs and symptoms==
Since oxygen is carried to tissues in the blood, insufficient blood supply causes tissue to become starved of oxygen. In the highly aerobic tissues of the heart and brain, irreversible damage to tissues can occur in as little as 3–4 minutes at body temperature. The kidneys are also quickly damaged by loss of blood flow. Tissues with slower metabolic rates may undergo irreversible damage after 20 minutes.
Clinical manifestations of acute limb ischemia (which can be summarized as the "six P's") include pain, pallor, pulseless, paresthesia, paralysis, and poikilothermia.〔(Vascular and Interventional Radiology: The Requisites (2nd Edition), John A. Kaufman & Michael J. Lee, Publisher:Elsevier - Active as of 11/13/2014 )〕
Without immediate intervention, ischemia may progress quickly to tissue necrosis and gangrene within a few hours. Paralysis is a very late sign of acute arterial ischemia and signals the death of nerves supplying the extremity. Foot drop may occur as a result of nerve damage. Because nerves are extremely sensitive to hypoxia, limb paralysis or ischemic neuropathy may persist after revascularization and may be permanent.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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